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    The main commands of the terminal for beginners under Linux

    We have seen in a few articles how to start with the terminal and use a number of simple commands under Linux.




    How to open the Linux terminal

    You can quickly open a terminal simply by pressing the CTRL + ALT + T keys simultaneously or by going to the main menu of your distribution.

    How to get help on Linux commands

    Small reminder, commands are often followed by a number of settings and retaining them would be a feat.
    By simply typing a command followed by –help, you can obtain a minimum of information for its use.

    Example: passwd –help

    The second way to ask for help in the terminal is to type the command man followed by the desired command.

    Example: man passwd (q to quit)

    The third way is of course to type the command in a search engine from your internet browser.

    Some commands only respond with administrator rights. ( Su – sudo )

    In order to quickly find the right command according to the situation encountered, here is a summary of the commands that seem to me most used for beginners.



    First useful command, clear , to clear everything in the terminal .

    Directories and Files in Linux

    At what place I find myself in the directory tree: pwd
    – How to get around in a directory: cd
    – How to go up a directory: cd ..
    – How do I go directly into a directory and subdirectory cd / Xxxx / xxxx
    – How to go back to my personal folder cd ~
    – How to know what is in a directory: ls (See options available with ls –help)
    – How to rename a file: mv myfile newfile
    – How to rename a file Directory: mv myreference directoryremove directory
    – How to move a file to another directory:Mv myfile / xxxx / xxxx
    – How to create a directory: mkdir unrepertoire
    – How to delete a directory if empty: rmdir cirepertoire

     Editing files In Linux

    – How to display the contents of a file: cat myfile
    – How to view the contents of a file and move the file: more myfile
    – How to view a large file and go through it with the [next page]: less myfile ( Q quit
    – How to display only a few lines of a file: tail -n myfile
    – How to edit or modify a file: vi myfile (: q quit)
    – How to easily edit or modify a file: nano myfile (CTRL X quit)
    – How to edit or modify a file with gedit: gedit myfile (graphic version)
    – How to compress a file with gzip:gzip myfile
    – How to decompress a file with gzip: gunzip monfichier.gz
    – How to extract files from an archive: tar xvf monarchive.tar
    – How to extract archived and compressed files: tar xvf monarchive.tar.gz
    – How to archive files : Tar cvf monarchive.tar lefichier1 lefichier2
    – How to archive and compress everything in a folder: tar cvfz monarchive.tar lrepertoireTar xvf monarchive.tar.gz – How to archive files: tar cvf monarchive.tar lefichier1 lefichier2 – How to archive and compress everything in a folder: tar cvfz monarchive.tar lrepertoireTar xvf monarchive.tar.gz – How to archive files: tar cvf monarchive.tar lefichier1 lefichier2 – How to archive and compress everything in a folder: tar cvfz monarchive.tar lrepertoire

    File rights

    – How to view rights to files: ls -l (drwxr-xr-x)
    – How to change the permissions on a chmod file (on which, + – permissions) thefile
    Example:
    chmod u + x install.sh This file for the owner)
    chmod aw myfile (removes write permissions on this file for everyone)
    chmod or myfile (removes the rights to read to others on this file)
    – How to change the permissions on the entire directory and subdirectory : Chmod -R (options) directory
    – How to modify the owner of a file:Chown moi monfichier
    – How to modify the owner of a directory and subdirectory: chown -R (user) directory

    Install software, applications, packages

    Distribution based on Debian

    – How to install a package (application, software): apt-get install lepaquet.deb
    – How to uninstall a package (application, software): apt-get remove lepaquet.deb

    Distribution based on RedHat

    – How to install a package (application, software): rpm -i lepaquet.rpm or yum install lepaquet
    – How to uninstall a package (application, software): rpm -e lepaquet.rpm or yum remove lepaquet

    Distribution based on Arch

    – How to install a package (application, software): pacman -S lepaquet
    – How to uninstall a package (application, software): pacman -R lepaquet

    Your system

    – How to view the current processes with details: ps aux
    – How to view processes and consumption by each: top (q quit)
    – How to display my computer name: uname -a
    – How to view kernel version: uname -r
    – How to display information about its processor: cat / proc / cpuinfo
    – How to display free memory: free -m or free -mt
    How to identify your video card: lspci |
    Grep -i vga – How to determine the available space of its disk or its disks: df -h
    – How to display with which user the current session is open:

    The network

    – How to determine the model of its WIFI card: lspci |
    Grep -i network – How to view configuration of network interfaces: ifconfig
    – How to know the configuration of its wifi card: iwconfig

    Type exit to exit the terminal or click on the cross to close the window.

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